Sentence examples for spillovers I from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, we focus on a number of causal mechanisms that may mitigate or reinforce these upstream vertical spillovers, i.e. the presence of bailout expectations and subnational borrowing autonomy.

This literature suggests that the channels through which university-based research affects regional economic or innovative activity may be divided into two broad categories knowledge "spillovers" (i.e., positive externalities from university research) and "market-mediated" channels such as technology licensing or various types of employment relationships between academic scientists and firms.

Operationally, two types of spillover should be considered: ecological spillover (i.e. the net export of juvenile, subadult and adult biomass from MPAs outwards driven by density-dependent processes) and the fishery spillover (i.e. the proportion of this biomass that can be fished, taking into account regulations and accessibility).

SPILLOVER i,p is the proportion of other telecom companies (j ≠ i) which have invested as well in project type p of big data.

As the amount of variation in the stochastic spillover decreases (i.e., spillover occurs more frequently but in smaller amounts), the distribution converges toward the constant spillover case (Fig. 3, third column).

In a study developing a conceptual framework of spillover of pro-environmental behaviors, Truelove et al. (2014) has explained that divergent consequences of spillover effects (i.e., positive, negative, or no spillover) are due to the decision mode which people engage into initiate a pro-environmental behavior.

We also measured the extent to which market closures in 2014 reduced spillover hazard (i.e., risk for animal-to-human infection).

There has been increasing recognition of family spillover effects (i.e., the effect of one family member's illness on other family members) on health-related quality-of-life.

We abstract from any possible spillover effect because (i) no regional substitute exists for specialized care provided in Prague and (ii) regional substitutes for regular care are significantly more expensive due to considerable travel costs.

First, our model does not predict an obvious wave of infection until 14 wks after spillover first occurs (i.e., when commercial and wild bees first interact), which would be after wild bumble bees have completed their colony cycle in our area and after greenhouses have stopped using commercial colonies for the season.

If a purchaser of PHI utilizes more health care (due to the decrease in copayment under NHI), then PHI has a fiscal spillover on NHI (i.e., PHI may result to higher health care utilization and spending), and there is an inequity in health care utilization between the purchasers and non-purchasers of PHI.