Exact(18)
Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge.
Therefore, negative spillover occurs more frequently than flight to quality in these emerging markets.
The flight to quality or negative spillover occurs more frequently at the beginning of a crisis.
Additionally, this study shows that spillover occurs across distinctive areas of pro-environmental behaviors (recycling and green apparel purchases) as segmented by Barr et al. (2005).
When spillover occurs, a question worthy of in-depth exploration is what factors facilitate spillover from one behavior to another behavior.
At the landscape scale, marula alongside crop fields were 30 times more likely to be infested than in distant vegetation (1.3 6 km from mango), suggesting that spillover occurs from crop fields to natural vegetation.
Similar(42)
To summarize, the above analysis proved that both the flight to quality and the negative spillover occur more frequently in the very beginning of the crisis.
It was hypothesized that even though gold-to-cobalt spillover occurred during reduction in Au Co/Al2O3, the great separation between the gold and cobalt crystallites, combined with gold's much lower affinity for hydrogen activation adversely affected the efficiency of the spillover process in the hybrid sample.
In test simulation runs, we found that the greater average effect of constant spillover holds for stronger selection, lower levels of spillover on average, and spillover occurring after rather than before density dependence.
For pulsed spillover, the probability of an entire net-pen loss in a given generation (p t = 1) is p c ; otherwise, no spillover occur (p t = 0), such that is the average number of generations between pulses.
To summarize, all the negative spillovers occurred between the stock markets and the long-term government bond markets while the flight to quality emerged between the stock markets and the short-term government bond markets.
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