Furthermore, the results suggest that the inclination of firms to publish is sensitive to the level of knowledge spillovers in a sector and the effectiveness of legal appropriation instruments.
Coe and Helpman (1995) and Badinger and Egger (2008) estimated international research and development (R&D) spillovers in a sample of countries associated with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelOECD ,2(OECD),2 but their R&D spillover measures were aggregated into a few variables so that more specific inter-sectoral spillover effects were not revealed.
In this context, we examine ideas production and international knowledge spillovers in a panel of 31 EMEs by accounting for six diffusion channels and two types (national versus USPTO) of patent filings.
This result confirms our focus on the intermeasure spillover effects in a holistic risk management framework.
While several studies measure inter-sectoral spillover effects in a few specific industries (see, for example, Bernstein and Nadiri 1988; Jaffe 1989; Jaffe et al. 1993), there is little empirical research that comprehensively evaluates inter-sectoral (technological) spillover effects within a country or region.
To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in research methodology to be carried out to evaluate the physician spillover effect in a large RDUR program.
Moreover, the model results illustrated in Figures 2 I-J show that this gain control provided by spillover is in a range that is physiologically relevant, i.e. it can have a major impact on spiking output by the granule cell.
Reflecting concern about a spillover in the war, Jordanian officials said that they had asked the United States for Patriot antimissile batteries and fighter jets to bolster their defense abilities in the event of an attack from Syria, their northern neighbor.
One important aspect of adipose tissue dysfunction is increased fatty acid spillover in the bloodstream [3], a condition that negatively impacts insulin-mediated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle [4].
The contribution of increased renal noradrenaline spillover in heart failure as a predictor of mortality is independent of overall sympathetic activity, glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction [ 23].
