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Both automobile exhaust and spam email produce what economists call negative externalities, a spillover cost of a transaction that others in society have to pay.
By so doing, external or "spillover" cost effects of the intervention will be captured, thereby providing a more accurate and comprehensive measure of the impact of the intervention.
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If a better approach to negative equity could be adopted, which included write-downs of principal, then the spillover costs of rampant foreclosures could be reduced.
For those concerned about the potential price of a federal bailout for Detroit — and I'm one of them — the reality is that this cost would be dwarfed by the long-term spillover costs of bankruptcy and liquidation.
The first asks whether immigration in fact creates spillover costs (what economists call "negative externalities").
Because expected spillover costs are calculated as the probability of occurrence times the magnitude of such costs, it is not clear which governance mode best minimizes expected spillover costs.
We examine both the private benefits and spillover costs of labor market favoritism in a unique laboratory experiment design.
Virtualizing the controller means that the data flowing through the pipes can be managed in a granular way, optimized through software so the network can be used efficiently without lots of spillover costs for additional hardware.
The homeless would impose negative spillover costs on the barbershop that economists like to call "externalities".
Perhaps the right mix of Democrats and Republicans will address the market failures of concentrated power among corporations, spillover costs borne by communities, and the information gap between producers and consumers.
That has raised concerns about people with individual policies not subject to subsidies and the potential for cost spillovers into the market for employer-sponsored plans, which according to U.S. Census data, cover about half of U.S. workers.
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