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A total of 38 oil spill samples were collected during two sampling campaigns and analysed with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC MS).
The spill samples were found to originate from at least two sources with most resemblance to oils from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
Bart Mihailovich, whose Spokane Riverkeeper group has been collecting spill samples along the waterways near the city and is a plaintiff in the federal lawsuit, said even if critics of the rail expansion are successful in some areas of western Washington, plans could shift to other localities and the results would be the same for Spokane: trains going through, bound for the coast.
The chemical fingerprints of petroleum biomarkers and C0-C4 alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds for these spill samples were compared to those of more than 250 crude oils from around the world applying the CHEMSIC method (chemometric analysis of selected ion chromatograms).
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Scientists at Montana State University said they will collect post-spill samples of fish diversity and abundance and compare them to samples taken earlier this summer and in previous years to gauge any lasting impacts.
Fourteen samples originate from the MW, source of the Deepwater Horizon disaster, including two pre-spill samples, and twelve post-spill samples collected at diverse locations after the Deepwater Horizon disaster, e.g. the plume at the base of the MW, grass blades on the Louisiana coastline, and oil slicks collected kilometers away from the disaster site (details provided in Table S1).
Figure 1 illustrates this biomarker ROI within the full GC (times) GC chromatogram of the MW pre-spill sample listed as sample #1 in Table S1.
Fig. 1 a The three-dimensional view of detailed topography of biomarker region (hopanes and steranes) within (GCtimes GC) image of crude oil pre-spill sample from MW, site of Deepwater Horizon spill disaster, Gulf of Mexico, 2010.
We note that the PTM matrices for the MW pre-spill sample (Fig. 2) and the Eugene Island sample (refer Fig. 3) are visually easier to distinguish than the original biomarker ROI image.
Figure 4 illustrates topography partitioning for injection 4 (MW post-spill sample) in Table S1 using injection 15 (from Eugene Island, Gulf of Mexico) as the reference for direct cross-PTM comparison for different thresholds.
Figure 2 provides a visual representation of PTM computation for the crude oil MW pre-spill sample in Fig. 1 collected from the MW, Gulf of Mexico (injection 1 in Table S1).
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