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We normalized the log2-ratio data (spike values not included) by using print-tip group loess normalization (degree 2 and span 0.4) as described by Yang et al. [ 21].
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The pg/mL concentrations returned by the linear regression model for a 25 IU/mL equivalent of NIBSC spike were either higher or lower than the nominal w/v spike value (P < 0.01, t test) in most IL-1β runs [92% of 86/552 and 86% of 86/680 assay runs] and in all IL-6 runs.
The 178 gene expression results were normalized using the method described here that applied the loess algorithm based on the spikes only (spike-in, blue line) or using the loess applied to all genes (loess, green line) or the median (median, red line) algorithm applied to all experimental data without including the spikes' values.
For each pattern a discrete probability distribution was created by assigning each of the 10 spike count values (each pattern has been repeated 10 times) to one of the four spike count intervals.
Partially randomized datasets produce long list of spanions with much reduced spike index values.
The spike recovery values of the four metals were in the range of 78.3%–113.2%.
For quantification, we only used spike frequency values in the first 200 ms after light onset or offset.
The precision of the method is then assessed via the relative standard deviation of replicate spike recovery values in the chosen field matrix.
Table 6 Homogeneity of spiking – mean values of six samples taken at different locations of the soil spiked with Ag nanoparticles (dry application with soil as the carrier) Nanomaterial Measured concentration [mg/kg]1 Recovery Standard deviation Solid Ag - 100 mg/kg 80.4 ± 3.1 80 3.9 Solid Ag - 10 mg/kg 7.5 ± 0.8 76 10.7 1 All concentrations refer to soil dry mass.
Why did the certificates suddenly spike in value?
Many of the short-sellers absorbed large losses as the stock continued to spike in value.
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