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The firing pattern in response to depolarizing current steps showed a characteristic spike broadening with decreasing amplitude (Fig. 12a1, b1).
Presumably spike broadening may contribute to the enhanced transmitter release (and perhaps recruitment of post-synaptic neurons to network bursts) since spike broadening increases Ca2+ influx primarily by prolonging the open time of Ca2+ channels [42], [43].
The current serves as an important partial contributor to spike broadening during the burst since it is the only depolarizing current that is facilitated in the subsequent spikes.
By incorporating experimentally based models of multiple subtypes of channels, characteristic action potential behaviors are reproduced by the model including, spike broadening that occurs at the end of a burst and rebound burst firing in response to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
Other studies have proposed that spike broadening results from cumulative inactivation of several potassium (K+) channels, including large-conductance (BK-type) Ca2+-dependent K+ channels [40], voltage-gated delayed rectifier K+ channels [41], and voltage-gated A-type K+ channels [42].
Should this mechanism occur in nerve terminals, spike broadening, leading to increased transmitter release, would be anticipated (Ishikawa et al., 2003).
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This is intriguing as when KCNA subunits are paired with KCNAB1 or KCNAB2, both of which are also elevated in HVC, the resulting inactivation gating properties become particularly suited for enhancing spike accommodation, broadening action potentials, and delaying spike after-hyperpolarizations [ 68, 69].
As previously characterized (e.g., Daw, Ashby, et al. 2007), GABAergic interneurons have firing patterns that are readily distinguishable from principal cells, which in all layers (De la Rossa et al. 2013; Hedrick and Waters 2013) typically display shallow, slow AHPs, frequency adaptation, spike threshold accommodation, and substantial spike-broadening throughout spike trains.
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His smile broadened: "Wonderful".
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