The same simulation for a water sphere of density 1 g/cm3resulted in an absorbed dose of 211 Gy.
First, it treated all fragmentational debris as spheres of a density which varied as a function of fragment diameter, where diameter was directly related to mass.
Take a massive sphere of normal density and mass of about 1 kg.
The exotic 19C exhibits a nuclear halo, which means its radius is appreciably larger than would be expected if the nucleus were a sphere of constant density.
The sedimentation of a polydisperse suspension of small rigid spheres of the same density, but which belong to a finite number of species (size classes), can be described by a spatially one-dimensional system of first-order, nonlinear, strongly coupled conservation laws.
The lift coefficient of a freely falling sphere is 1.8 times that of a fixed sphere at a given sphere density of 4000 kg m−3 and sphere to fluid density ratio of 4. This is attributed to the Robin's force which arises due to the rotation of the sphere.
Spheres of different sizes, densities, colors and volumes, floating in space, traversing clouds, sprays of water, currents of air, viscosities and odors of the greatest variety and disparity".
It was also observed that some particles particularly in the ultrafine (PM0.18) fraction were larger than the stated cutpoint, although this may be reconciled by understanding that the diameter relates to the aerodynamic behavior equivalent to a sphere of unit-density of a set diameter.
Both approaches assumed a particle refractive index of 1.6 and approximated particles to spheres with density of 2.5 g cm−3.
FCC grids are the logical extension of hexagonal grids in 2D, and have been shown previously to provide optimal sampling of space based on close packing of spheres (highest density).
