In general, linear models of innovation distinguish the discovery (invention), the definition of possible spheres of applications of the results of innovation, its development, design and use as phases of the innovation process (see for example, Niosi (1999); Godin (2006); Meissner (2015); Carayannis et al. (2015)) for simplistic description of innovation processes).
On the other hand, the sphere of application of artificial neural networks has widened covering such endeavours of life such as medicine, finance and unsurprisingly engineering (diagnostics of faults in machines).
Its sphere of application is public life, not private life.
Why can we not conceive of a social science which could and would function as the theoretical natural sciences function, and yield precise unconditional predictions in the appropriate sphere of application?
Therefore, all modifications of existing techniques that do not take this fact into account are bound to have a limited sphere of application or in the worst case be invalid, give meaningless and/or misleading results".
The brief review of design solutions for existing transformable-volume structures (TVS) is given and main approaches are formulated for optimizing the metal transformable shell structures, allowing widening the sphere of their application in space engineering.
Verification data prove the possibility of computational methodology implementation, at the first stage, in a limited sphere of engineering applications, particularly, when designing cooling systems for eccentric annulus of oil-free friction assemblies.
He also invented a technique he called "spherification," which delicately encapsulated liquids within spheres of gelatin; its best-known application was "liquid olives," which resembled solid green olives but burst in the mouth with olive juice.
Also, instead of the invalidation of legislation in this manner being seen as an encroachment by the judiciary into the legislature's sphere, the application of substantive natural justice would simply be a full exercise of the judiciary's proper constitutional role.
For me personally, German has proved most useful, though that's in the narrow sphere of its actual application.
