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Items included are adapted from the core principles of maintaining health in the SPHERE standard (SPHERE 2011) and in Chan (2017) The items listed here are not exhaustive.
For each sample, small nickel sphere standard was used to calibrate the VSM machine.
The average number of 4.16 health care visits per refugee child per year, estimated based on reported care seeking among the refugee survey sample, is slightly higher than the SPHERE standard recommendation of 2 to 4 visits and indicates good access to care for sick children among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.
The SPHERE standard for emergencies of 1-4 visits per person per year appears to be relevant for Asia in the post-emergency phase, but not for Africa.
Average utilization rates for both males and females fall within the SPHERE standard of 1.0 - 4.0 visits per person per year for emergencies.
In most settlements across countries refugees were utilizing outpatient services at the SPHERE standard of 1.0 to 4.0 visits per person per year for displaced populations in emergencies [ 9].
Similar(51)
How they relate to existing standards (eg sphere standards, or the core humanitarian standard).
They could rationalise existing – and overlapping – humanitarian norms and technical standards (so-called Sphere standards that for example specify the minimum amount of water a person should receive per day), and give them teeth through global commitment and monitoring.
Examples are presented for glass sphere standards, the crystallization of d-mannitol and l-glutamic acid, as well as an engineered needle-sphere mixture.
Image analysis algorithms were developed and tested on glass sphere standards, illustrating the ability of these techniques to monitor size-shape features in situ.
The average number of people per latrine, where there are latrines is 411, with a total of 4,275 latrines are needed to assure minimum standards and 10,687 to assure Sphere standards.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com