Searches were performed but not limited to using key words such as sperm selection, sperm transport, sperm preparation in conjunction with ART, IVF, IUI, nature, natural, Fallopian tube, uterine tube, uterus, vagina and oocyte.
However, little is known about its effects on traits that contribute to determine the quality of a whole ejaculate (i.e., proportion of motile, viable, morphologically normal and acrosome intact sperm) and that are key determinants of fertilization success.
Sperm surface glycans play key roles in sperm motility, maturation and fertilization.
HA is critical to sperm function, playing a key role in the ability of sperm to successfully ascend the female reproductive tract and reach the site of fertilization.
Understanding the differential expression of sperm proteins is the key to understanding the cellular processes and or/pathways that may be implicated in male infertility [ 19].
In other organisms, it has been shown that upon fertilization the sperm-derived mitochondria are targeted for elimination: a key process in sperm mitochondrial degradation is ubiquitination [ 77], in which mitochondria of paternal derivation are tagged with Ubiquitin and then degraded.
We used multivariable linear regression, which included different levels of adjustment (i.e., without and with season and temperature) to assess the relationship between exposure to air pollutants during key periods of sperm development and adverse sperm outcomes.
These studies have considered various exposure durations before semen collection that encompass either the entire period of spermatogenesis (i.e., 90 days) or key periods of sperm development that correspond to epididymal storage, development of sperm motility, and spermatogenesis (i.e., 0 9, 10 14, and 70 90 days, respectively, before sample collection) (Johnson et al. 1997).
The role of AKAP as a key regulator of sperm motility has been already established (Vijayaraghavan et al. [1997]).
