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It is also shown that the concentration difference between the regenerated and spent solutions is critical for the regeneration performance of ED.
The main objective of the present study is to evaluate direct osmosis as a process to reconcentrate osmotic dehydration spent solutions.
A technique to recover the spent solutions is the so-called spray roasting process, where the spent solution is sprayed into a hot reaction atmosphere and solid iron oxide particles are formed.
A technique to recover the spent solutions is a spray roasting process, where the spent solution is sprayed into a hot reaction atmosphere and solid iron oxide particles are formed.
The ED stack can continuously increase the concentration of the regenerated solution when the concentration difference between the regenerated and spent solutions is below 5.86% (wt/wt), under the supplied current density of 57.1 mA/circulationation flow rate of 100 L/h, and the initial concentrations of the solutions in the regenerated and spent tanks of 28.77% and 23.96% (wt/wt), respectively.
A range of tests were carried out to examine the effects of the circulation flow rate, supplied current density, solution initial concentration and the concentration difference between the regenerated and spent solutions on the performance of ED for regenerating LiCl liquid desiccant solutions.
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However, it is also a major environment polluter in forms of wastewater, sludge, and spent solution.
The spent solution, containing carbonate and bicarbonate ions is regenerated through reaction with calcium contained in the APC residues, forming calcium carbonate (APC carbonation) and reproducing – at least in part – the original alkali compound.
The monolith supported-catalyst is highly prized in the practical NaBH4-based hydrogen generation system due to simple design of hydrogen generator, controllability of reaction and easy separation from the spent solution.
One of the methods studied in this project is chemical absorption of the CO2 contained in landfill gas with a KOH solution followed by carbonation of the spent solution with selected industrial residues to regenerate the alkaline solution and store CO2 in a solid phase (calcite).
In this process about 60 70 % of chromium reacts with the hides and about 30−40 % of chromium remains in the solid and liquid wastes (especially as spent tanning solutions).
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