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(a) Untreated spent catalyst, (b) washing of spent catalyst with organic solvent, and (c) re-calcination of spent catalyst.
Furthermore, three different procedures for spent catalyst treatment were employed.
The treatment of spent catalyst with methanol gave better yields of biodiesel than non-treated spent catalyst.
The spent catalyst upon re-oxidation regained its activity.
To explain these observations, the spent catalyst was characterised after reaction and compared to the pre-reaction and the spent catalyst obtained post 5 h.
The mix design work done on asphalt mixtures containing spent catalyst from both source shows that there is a good potential for using spent catalyst in road applications.
A temperature program oxidation (TPO) was carried out on the spent catalyst after each reaction.
Open image in new window Fig. 8 The stability and reusability of spent catalyst.
The reusability results of the spent catalyst are depicted in Fig. 8.
Figure 11 presents the GC/MS result of the organic compounds trapped in the spent catalyst.
However, the traditional landfill of spent catalyst causes resource waste and soil pollution.
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