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Its estimate is based on investment and spending indicators including property and car purchases, and on income distribution analysis.
"It would be important, I think, to see some of those spending indicators starting to really move in a more positive direction going into the third and fourth quarter," Ms. Brainard said.
The Lebanese MOH has recently compiled a database on clinical utilization and spending indicators, which include data for many but not all hospitals.
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We compare our result with the Tsinghua UnionPay Advisors Restaurant & Catering TUPARCRC) Index [31], a consumer spending indicator based on bank card transaction data from the China Cuisine Association's 100 top-ranked restaurants.
In the document about the FCO it found weaknesses in the data systems of seven 'common areas of spend' indicators for estate costs and workforce.
The per-child preschool education spending index is a critical indicator measuring the importance attached to preschool education by the government and society as well as the investment in different regions.
Although we adjusted for income using measures of spending and other indicators of wealth, there may be other unobserved characteristics that account for why diabetic individuals have more catastrophic spending.
More and more leading public companies understand that robust disclosure of political spending is an indicator of good corporate governance and allows shareholders, directors and managers to assess the risks and benefits of a company's political portfolio.
We acknowledge that the health spending per capita indicator, presented publicly by the government [ 43], took into account only two items, based on a national household survey, as a proxy for health spending.
bExcluded since the tertiary national hospitals mainly utilize central funding separate from the national government hence their corresponding expenditure is not captured in the county level health spending per capita indicator.
The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry has consistently ranked highest for several years by this indicator (spending about 15-20% of sales on R&D), while the food industry is typically among the lowest spenders at 1-21-2% sales[ 22].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com