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Nevertheless, the Buckley court upheld FECA's limits on contributions, because the restraints on political speech were "marginal" in view of the fact that the contributor remained free to spend independently and to associate with candidates in other ways.
In 2010, corporations got the right to spend independently of federal candidates.
A subsequent lower court ruling based on the Citizens United decision freed individuals to pool unlimited sums of money into super PACs to spend independently on political campaigns.
In 2010, he led the court to declare that corporations, like individuals, have free speech rights that bar the government from limiting what they spend independently on campaigns and elections.
This Supreme Court ruling comes on top of the Court's 2010 "Citizen's United" decision which took virtually all limits off of the amounts that wealthy individuals could spend independently to influence the outcome of elections.
However, the Court struck down the "choice of expenditure" rule, which required that parties could either make coordinated expenditures for all its candidates, or permit candidates to spend independently, but not both, which the Court agreed "placed an unconstitutional burden on the parties' right to make unlimited independent expenditures".
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Citizens United enabled corporations to make unlimited expenditures as long as the money was spent "independently from the candidates they are supporting".
(Mr. LaBute has already written one latter-day twist on the same story, in the compendium "bash".) This play depicts a middle-aged man and his wife meeting at a city restaurant after a morning spent independently.
Many of us are now living beyond 75, but there's no guarantee, of course, that our final years will be spent independently, in sound mind, and without discomfort.
Most of the nearly half billion dollars — $374 million out of a total of $486 million — doled out by "super PACs" and other independent expenditure committees during the general election was by Republican groups, more than triple the $112 million spent independently in support of President Obama.
The 2010 Citizens United decision allowed corporations and unions to spend unlimited sums of money on elections as long as money was spent independently of candidates and political parties.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com