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One study was conducted to determine speed of kill on experimentally infested dogs.
Speed of kill calculated at 48 h post-treatment was slightly higher for adult ticks (96.2%) than for immature stages (91.6%).
Alterations to the speed of kill and pathogen life history characteristics can influence the competitive outcome and persistence between wildtype and modified strains.
In the first study, speed of kill was determined by flea comb counts performed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after spinosad treatment.
After treatment, tick load for each included dog was estimated, for both adult and immature ticks, using the localization and count over the entire body surface at the following time-points: day 2, to evaluate the speed of kill and at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 to assess the persistence of efficacy.
The speed of kill is within two hours.
Similar(35)
To enhance their speed-of-kill these viruses were engineered to express arthropod neurotoxins under the control of various strong promoters.
We analyzed the speed-of-kill and safety of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing the insecticidal scorpion neurotoxin AaIT and found that the mortality of Helicoverpa armigera larvae was enhanced significantly when the expression was controlled by the baculovirus delayed-early promoter 39K rather than the very late promoter p10.
The residual speed of killing effectiveness, >96% at 2 h, persisted for one month after treatment.
Baculoviruses have been genetically modified to express foreign genes under powerful promoters in order to accelerate their speed of killing.
Both academic and industrial laboratories have since invested a great deal of effort to generate genetically modified (GM) or recombinant baculoviruses with dramatically improved speeds of kill.
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