Porosity affects many of the other physical properties including thermal conductivity, speed of sound, deformation under stress, strength, and response to impact.
A new algorithm, coupled with a calibrated constitutive material model, is incorporated into a commercial FE package to control the speed of the deformation according to the desired strain rate loading paths.
The speed of horizontal deformation of the top coal and roof in front of the face coal wall under abutment pressure is much smaller than that of the vertical subsidence of the top coal and roof after fracture at the rear of the face coal wall.
Figure 7 shows parameters associated with the speed of the deformation at the corneal apex.
The retrieved deformation parameters (amplitude, radius, diameter and volume of the deformation, as well as duration and speeds of the deformation periods), in combination with measurements of corneal biometry and IOP, pulse calibration, will be extremely valuable experimental data in corneal biomechanical models.
However, the peak speed of the decreasing deformation period (peak deformation recovery speed) was different across conditions: 0.11 mm/ms for the human cornea, 0.21 for the untreated and Riboflavin porcine corneas, and 0.12 for the UV-cross-linked corneas, indicating a much slower deformation recovery after UV-cross-linking.
A quantitative analysis allows direct extraction of several deformation parameters, such as amplitude, diameter and volume of the maximum deformation, as well as duration and speed of the increasing deformation period and the recovery period.
The peak speed of the increasing deformation period (first period of the deformation event) was quite constant across conditions (see Fig. 7.a), around 0.12 mm/ms.
Wang [2] proposed a new calculation method that combines the strip element method and engineering difference method to improve the accuracy and speed of strip plastic deformation model.
However, the challenges of robust tracking come from uncertain and dynamic conditions of speed, occlusion, deformation, illumination variation, background clutter, real-time restriction, etc.
