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The dynamic response and average power output of the harvester are numerically studied as the flow velocity exceeds the cut-in speed (flutter speed).
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However, a particularly severe high-speed flutter problem was solved only by inserting depleted uranium counterweights as ballast in the outboard engine nacelles of the early 747s.
Under the conditions of satiated multiple constraints including strength, displacements, divergence speeds and flutter speeds, the studies are carried out in a bid to minimize the structural weight of a wing with the lay-up thicknesses of wing components as design variables.
The critical speed for flutter of a deck section can be evaluated using the flutter derivatives obtained by sectional model testing of the bridge deck in a wind tunnel.
The analysis shows that the critical wind speed for flutter instability and divergence is increased substantially by active control.
The non-linear problem is solved by the Poincaré Linstedt method near the critical flow speed for flutter.
The application of the control scheme for increasing the critical wind speed for flutter of suspension bridges is demonstrated by considering the Vincent Thomas Bridge as the numerical example.
The experimental results illustrated that the critical flow speed of flutter instability of the wing model could be effectively increased from 36.5 m/s to 39 m/s.
The first finding is that the critical wind speed for flutter can be greatly increased, with good robustness characteristics, through passive feedback control.
The results of the numerical study show that the control scheme using pole-placement technique effectively brings down the divergent oscillation of the bridge at wind speeds greater than the critical wind speed for flutter, to almost zero value within few seconds.
Note that at the wind speed when flutter starts, both strain gauges show dominant response at a frequency of 12 Hz.
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