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Theoretically, free flow speed can be defined as the speed that occurs when density and flow are zero.
We investigate, the speeds with which hole edges or isola edges advance or retreat and provide evidence that for a shrinking hole or isola, a meaningful speed can be defined that depends only on the combustion parameters and the instantaneous hole/isola radius.
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A critical angular velocity can be defined as the minimum value of rotational speed which allows to maintain the maximum temperature displacement below a certain threshold.
The energy pattern factor is connected to the average data of wind speed and can be defined as the ratio of mean of cubic wind speed to the cube of mean wind speed.
A numerical example based on a calibrated simulation model of the suburban S-Bahn S9 line that operates in the Canton of Zurich shows how energy efficient speed profiles can be defined considering the rail traffic influences, thus increasing the quality of the solutions.
The ratio of the phonon gas velocity to the thermal sound speed (the propagation speed of thermal wave) can be defined as the thermal Mach number.
Vehicle speed undershoot (or overshoot) can be defined as the absolute difference between the lowest (or highest) vehicle speed of the last following vehicle and the (target) speed of the leading vehicle.
In order to generate the speed reference trajectory which can be defined by different shapes and amplitudes of jerk, a unique generalized model is proposed.
The translational optic flows perceived at viewing angles of 90° can be defined as the speed-to-distance ratio according to the following equation: ω90°i = VxBee/D90°i, where i ∈{Rght, Lft, Drsl, Vtrl}, taking the distances from the walls at an angle of 90° and VxBee the bee's ground speed (Figure 1A 1B).
The temperature of this system can be defined as the mean squared speed (langle v_{ell}^{2} rangle_{ell}).
(Temperature can be defined as a measure of the average speed of gas molecules, keeping in mind that individual molecules can travel at widely varying speeds).
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