Humans have affected the entire spectrum of vertebrate life ― fish, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians, the report says.
In this analysis we located GC genes from a broad spectrum of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and reconstructed molecular phylogenies for both sGC and rGC proteins.
Studies on Hox gene clusters from a spectrum of vertebrate species provided critical evidence in support of this hypothesis [ 77, 78].
These questions allow development of hypotheses that can be tested in the field and laboratory across a broad spectrum of vertebrate species.
The reliance on preferential asymmetric cell division constitutes a distinct feature of the adult CMZ, highlighting the behavioral spectrum of vertebrate post-embryonic stem cells and raising questions about the niche factors and molecular machinery that underpin its regulation.
Sequencing analysis of Hox gene clusters from a spectrum of vertebrate species provided critical evidence in support of Ohno's hypothesis [ 5- 8] and indicated, in turn, an additional round of fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD) prior to the divergence of most teleost species [ 9- 13].
The DExD/H containing RNA helicases including RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2 were analysed in silico in a wide spectrum of invertebrate and vertebrate genomes.
Since the spectrum of membrane lipids in vertebrates and invertebrates are significantly different [ 29- 31], the optimal concentrations of PEG and Dextran for 2PAP derived for vertebrate analyses may well be inappropriate for invertebrates.
Noteworthy, peroxisomes in plants, yeasts and protozoa generally possess a far wider spectrum of activities than in vertebrates (e.g. penicillin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi, glyoxylate cycle, photorespiration, plant hormone biosynthesis/metabolism, and pathogen interaction in plants) (van der Klei et al. 2006; Kunze et al. 2006; Reumann and Weber 2006).
Dioxin-like halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) provoke an extraordinarily broad spectrum of toxic effects in vertebrate laboratory animals.
