All mean frequency measures were obtained from the mean spectrum of each call or call component, while the three quartiles were also measured from the point within the call or call component that had the maximum amplitude [ 75].
The hearing threshold of E. auditrix matches with the spectrum of the calling song of M. cassinii, indicating potential host localization.
From the spectrum of the call (frequency vs. amplitude), we measured the frequency of maximum amplitude (Frmax) using peak detection with the package Seewave v.1.5.4 in R v.2.9.0 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria) [ 42].
These waves cover a wide spectrum of frequencies, called electromagnetic spectrum.
Based on the spectrum of the calls of M. microtis recorded from wild-caught animals (Figure 2 and [30]), we evaluated the spatial sensitivity of this sonar system in the range from 50 to 150 kHz.
CISD is now part of a comprehensive spectrum of techniques called critical incident stress management (CISM), and may be supplemented by earlier interventions, such as demobilization or defusing, or one-on-one encounters.
Our tools can be deployed in the framework of phylogenetic tree reconstruction, but also in a much broader and growing spectrum of applications calling for subword analysis on a genomic scale.
We observed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) spectrum of variants called in the baboon data set included proportionally more intermediate frequency variants and proportionally fewer low frequency variants than in the human data set.
Although some Pseudomonas spp. are plant pathogenic, many have been found to protect plants by antagonizing soil-borne pathogens through competition for nutrients, production of antimicrobial compounds, or by eliciting a systemic immune response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, called induced systemic resistance (ISR) [ 11, 13].
Indeed, Reby et al. [ 62] found a higher individuality of fallow buck groans than we did (87.9%) using a network classification based on the spectrum characteristics of calls.
