Sentence examples for spectrum by which from inspiring English sources

A pure PE pellet of the same thickness was used for measuring a reference spectrum, by which the sample transmission spectrum T was normalized.

Taken together this case highlights the spectrum by which AITL can present.

Moreover, there are some sharp and narrow peaks of the transmittance spectra by which it can improve the resolving power of the biochemistry nanosensor.

The other is split spectrum allocation, by which the femtocells use different frequency bands than those employed by the macrocell; while this avoids interference to/from the macrocell, additional spectrum resources are required.

These definitions do not represent the full spectrum of pathways by which diseases are transferred.

A basic step toward size reduction can be obtained by centroiding the MS spectra, a procedure by which a single peak is retained to represent the center of the m/ z ion distribution measured by the instrument detector.

These modifications increase the average reflectance in the visible and near-infrared spectrums by 3 4%, which increases the cooling power by at least 35 W/m2.

Theoretical consideration in chronoabsorptometric spectrum technique is expounded, by which the treatment of PB film electrode has been described.

Several works has evaluated (quantitatively and qualitatively) the extent by which spectrum sensing errors affect the performance of CRNs [4, 27 30].

If the SNR is high or no PU exists, only one stage of coarse spectrum sensing is needed, by which the sensing time and energy are saved.

If the signal-to-noise ratio is high or no primary user exists, only one stage of coarse spectrum sensing is needed, by which the sensing time and energy are saved.