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On the other hand, for exploring the energy information within a spectral segment, each syllable will be divided into three spectral segments, and each spectral segment contains two to three HMM states.
Thus, the warping curve can be analyzed by exploring clustering result of the energy vector within a spectral segment.
Based on the spectral segment, all the state energies are employed as an energy vector, and then a clustering algorithm is used to analyze the energy vector.
As the second step, based on a designated syllable, the vector quantization (VQ) with the Linde Buzo Gray (LBG) algorithm[24] is used to train the VQ codebooks of each spectral segment with respect to the energy vector.
In this article, setting each codebook to the size of 4 during the training process, the codeword dimension within the codebook is determined according to the number of HMM-states in individual spectral segment.
Optical wireless communications using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) can provide high-speed links for a variety of applications [1], providing an unregulated spectral segment and high security.
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Three different design cases for the spectrum window of the optical communication: three discrete spectral segments in one direction, two discrete spectral segments in two directions, and three discrete spectral segments in three directions, are implemented.
Although that was shown for matching spectral segments of two different speakers, it is certainly beneficial for matching spectral segments taken from the same speaker.
What are the most important characteristic spectral segments for recognizing a specific species?
The warping curve within a syllable can be obtained by exploring the energy information under a sequence of hidden Markov model (HMM) state-based spectral segments.
In the HMM state-based spectral segments, the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are used as spectral feature and the HMMs are employed to decode the state sequence within a syllable[19].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com