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The eigenvalues represent typical wavenumbers in the maximal and the minimal spectral extension directions pointed by the eigenvectors.
The observed plasma sheet turbulence event shows anisotropy in the wavevector domain with a spectral extension perpendicular to the mean magnetic field.
It is true that the method can detect only one spectral extension direction, and if double-anisotropy exists, the spectral moment method cannot properly reproduce the secondary anisotropy direction; The secondary anisotropy is lost by being integrated as an artificial broadening in the direction to the secondary spectral extension.
The spectral extension (peak line) is analyzed to determine the shift velocity (U_{mathrm{sft}}) and the frequency broadening around the peak line to determine the sweeping velocity (U_{mathrm{swp}}).
If the Eulerian frequencies are limited to the positive domain and the turbulent fluctuations are measured in a flow, the spectral extension reasonably reflects the direction of the mean flow (hereafter the maximum extension direction).
The observed elliptic ratio as a function of the true ratio at different values of spectral slopes (bottom panel) (alpha = 1) (black), (alpha = 2) (gray), and (alpha = 3) (light gray) Fig. 9 Tilt angle deviations of the measured principal axis from the true anisotropy direction (spectral extension direction) for Fig. 8 top and middle panels.
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In this section, we made some preliminary experiments in order to select the appropriate model parameters according to the objective performance of spectral envelope extension.
Thus, we further introduce a continuous state-space model into the spectral envelope extension and propose the blind BWE method based on the ensemble of recurrent neural networks in this paper.
The teeth width of the proposed spectral comb filter extension in Equation 27 was set to β c =1.
BWE methods for audio signals can be separated into two tasks: estimation of the spectral envelope and extension of the fine spectrum.
The staggered band alignment also results in an extension for spectral range of photoresponse, which allows an efficient use of light with a wide spectral band [9, 10].
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