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The microstructures of as-received material and deformed specimens were examined using optical microscopy.
Samples of the test specimens were examined using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
In order to determine the cause of this size effect, the outer surfaces and fracture surfaces of failed test specimens were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques.
Corrosion properties of the coated specimens were examined using electrochemical polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a deaerated 3.5% NaCl solution.
Additionally, to understand the microstructural basis for this difference in performance, broken specimens were examined using both scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy.
The topography and surface chemistry of the test specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the improved quality of the tribo-films formed on the counter faces was seen to correlate with performance improvements.
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The microstructure of the specimens is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Fracture surfaces of failed specimens are examined using scanning electron microscopy to show micro- and macro-scale toughening/embrittling mechanisms.
The fracture behavior of welded single edge notched tension specimens was examined using constraints and loading conditions which approximated those of a flawed ship structural panel.
The electrochemical compatibility between the repaired patch concrete and the existing old concrete in fifteen (1000 mm × 1000 mm × 200 mm) specimens was examined using half-cell potential, chloride content, rebar mass loss and corrosion penetration rate tests.
The thermal properties of the insulating specimens are examined using a Hot Disk, a device which satisfies ISO standard (22007-2) DeutscheNorm (2012).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com