Due to the relatively low slenderness of the specimens, the failure was in all cases significantly influenced by plasticity effects.
In the carbon fiber specimens, the failure was in general more localized and the strengths had more scatter than in the glass fiber specimens.
Based on low cyclic loading tests of seven 1 2.5-scaled column specimens, the failure modes, hysteresis loops, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness degradation of SRRC columns were analyzed.
Based on low cyclic loading tests of eight column specimens, the failure patterns, hysteresis loops, load carrying capacity, displacement and ductility factor, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of frost-damaged concrete columns were analyzed.
It was earlier noted that a brittle type of failure occurred in the control unheated specimens: the failure was of an explosive nature accompanied by sudden loss of axial resistance (Fig. 9).
In short specimens the failure strain is affected by gripping effects, so this would be equivalent to 6% strain when gripping effects are removed [19].
