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Two different types of members with varying lengths are tested and while the combined effects of local and distortional buckling are investigated, special attention is given to longer specimens that fail by flexural torsional buckling in combination with local and distortional buckling.
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Even in specimens that failed by shear-out or net-tension, substantial bearing damage was present.
Rc=50 specimens with an Nf >3x103 were the only specimens that failed due to thumbnail surface fatigue cracking.
CPC chitosan fiber specimens that failed after multiple cycles had a mean stress-to-failure of 9 MPa, compared to 5.8 MPa for CPC control (p < 0.05).
On the basis of these test results, together with available published data obtained from specimens that failed in plain steel, the Class B S-N curve was verified.
Fracture surfaces of specimens that failed in the high cycle fatigue regime with lives spanning two orders of magnitude were examined using a scanning electron microscope.
This paper presents a comprehensive test database of concentric compression experiments on pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (PFRP) specimens that failed in a global flexural buckling mode published in literature between 1969 and 2016.
Cho and Kim (2003) showed that the addition of steel fibers to concrete beams enhanced the initial stiffness and ultimate strength and also the ductility in specimens that failed in shear flexural and flexural are more than those which failed dominantly in shear.
The mini primers MLepF1 (Hebert, unpublished) and MLepR1 (Hajibabaei, unpublished) in combination with tailed Folmer primers, as well as crustacean-specific primers CrustF1 and CrustR1 [32], were attempted for some of the specimens that failed to amplify or sequence.
Thus the specimens that failed PCR were subjected to whole genome amplification (WGA) using the GenomiPhi DNA Amplification Kit from Amersham Biociences (Piscataway, NJ) following the manufacturer's instructions.
All specimens that failed via mid-substance tears were included in the data analyses, while ligaments that failed via ligament avulsion from the bone were excluded.
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