Figure 3 Setup for antero-superior loading of the specimens, simulating 45° of flexion.
In order to assess the chemical and physical bonds of the modified aggregate, general aggregates, and the cement matrix, specimens simulating coarse aggregates, modification paste, and mortar were fabricated as shown in Fig. 4, based on the modification paste and mortar mix reported in an earlier study on surface modification (Choi et al. 2014b).
The procedure involves two levels of test abstraction; firstly a bench test-rig, designed to fit in a hydraulic test machine, using real valve and seat insert specimens simulating combustion loading, and secondly a motorised cylinder-head, to study the effect of impact on valve closure without the application of combustion loading.
Twelve specimens, each simulating the rigid connection of two cantilever beams to a column, were tested.
For each product, ten mixtures were defined by mixture design of experiments and the leaching of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn was evaluated in pressed specimens fired simulating the three industrial ceramic processes.
Simulated cycle tests were conducted on the rectangular plate specimens simulated as composite cylinders after impact tests.
Concerning the handling and mechanical properties, cadaveric specimens simulate reality best (Burkhart et al. 2010).
Horizontal 4 mm-thickness cracks with various depth in different cement mortar specimens simulate respectively various inner micro-defects.
These learning resources include review papers, journal articles, textbooks, museum specimens, simulated patients, computer-aided learning programs and multimedia [ 1].
