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Erdemir F et al. tested specimens of bladder cancers and found that 13 of the 25 stage T1a cases were recurrent and that the positive rate of E-cadherin among them was only 30.7% [24].
Specimens of bladder, kidney, liver, skin and eye were obtained from three animals at each time point – one control and two rats in which tumour cells were implanted.
These miRNAs were so far not described in the circulation of cancer patients, but higher levels of miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183 were found in urine specimens of bladder cancer patients compared to healthy controls [ 70, 71].
The expression of Bmi-1 protein in 137 specimens of bladder cancer and 30 specimens of adjacent normal bladder tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were applied to test the relationship between expression of Bmi-1, and clinicopathologic features and prognosis.
Moreover, this study was aimed at providing a preliminary characterisation of the expression pattern of hENT1, hCNT1, dCK, 5'-NT, CDA, RRM1 and RRM2 in surgical specimens of bladder cancer, in order to find a possible association between gene expression and response to gemcitabine treatment.
BPH specimens were collected from 26 patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate and 10 NPT were procured from the peripheral zone of prostates that did not harbor PCa (obtained from cystoprostatectomy specimens of bladder cancer patients) and these were used as controls.
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The objective of this study was to determine if SPARC expression was altered in cadmium (Cd2+) and arsenite (As3+) induced bladder cancer and if these alterations were present in archival specimens of human bladder cancer.
Twenty-one specimens of normal bladder urothelial tissue were collected from the areas of macroscopically normal bladder urothelium in patients with no evidence of malignancy.
This finding was shown to translate to specimens of human bladder cancer where tumor cells were SPARC negative, but stromal cells were positive.
The expression of SPARC was determined in human parental UROtsa cells, their Cd2+ and As3+ transformed counterparts and derived tumors, and in archival specimens of human bladder cancer using a combination of real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence localization and immunohistochemical staining.
In the study by Khanakah et al., it was demonstrated that Borrelia strains were more frequently cultured from specimens of the bladder wall than from heart muscle.
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