Bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were incubated for 2 h at 37 °C with ten test specimens for each material group and quantified with fluorescence dye CytoX-Violet and an automated multi-detection reader.
With approval by the Washington University Human Research Protection Office (HRPO), we searched the Copath database of Barnes Jewish Hospital for temporal artery biopsy specimens from 1995 to 2008 and retrieved all specimens for which material was available.
Fig. 16 Equivalent total strain (von-Mises) in the specimen SNH for material case L: The total strain was calculated by nonlinear 3D FEA.
The specimen has been slightly rotated in the enlargement picture Fig. 17 Equivalent total strain (von-Mises) in the specimen SWHE for material case L: The total strain was calculated by nonlinear 3D FEA.
The specimen has been slightly rotated in the enlargement picture Fig. 18 Equivalent total strain (von-Mises) in the specimen SWHA for material case L: The total strain was calculated by nonlinear 3D FEA with an opening of the osteotomy gap by 10°.
Open image in new window Fig. 11 The SEM of four specimens for different materials, the left side is cross section and the right side is contact surface.
These strategies were then validated through comparison with experimental test results of specimens commonly used for material characterization of steel.
Several of these characteristics are not presently quantifiable due to a lack of data for living specimens or material: for example, we know very little about egg brooding in the true squids, although it has been known to occur in some pelagic taxa [ 61].
In addition to the data from 291 samples, the data of 60 specimens for the same material from Aghchai and Khorablu dams were also utilized in this study that makes a total of 351 samples.
Furthermore, the widespread use of compact tension specimens for investigating the material behaviour generates data more suitable for plane-strain conditions, rather than the plane-stress state which is more applicable to many lightweight aerospace structures.
