The mechanical response is found to vary significantly from specimen to specimen and requires the application of Weibull statistics in order to be quantitatively evaluated.
Although culturing of the organism is considered the gold standard diagnostic method, it has poor sensitivity, requires a large quantity of specimen, and requires laboratory infrastructure including electricity (for centrifugation).
However, these methods are time-consuming and require specimens that consist mostly of cancer cells.
However, standard EM techniques are not compatible with whole cell imaging and require elaborated specimen preparation (preparation of thin sections), or are limited to the cell edges where the thickness is only a few hundreds of nanometers [8].
The influences of these two methods and die groove angle on specimen strain behavior and required force value are analyzed by the finite element method in plain strain condition.
In a sense, it could be said that barcoding in this situation is more similar to traditional morphological identification- with each specimen evaluated separately, and requiring individual attention from a person with specialized training- than to the original concept of barcoding as the mass processing of thousands of samples by technicians with a relatively low level of expertise [ 58, 59].
Appropriate investigation is limited by the diagnostic techniques available; virus isolation from cerebrospinal fluid or the brain can delay a diagnosis because culturing is slow, sensitivity may be poor, and obtaining specimens may require special techniques.
Biochemical reactions are performed 'on-chip' by overlaying the protein microarrays with a purified conjugating enzyme or extract prepared from a biological specimen (e.g. cell line or pathological specimen) and all required co-factors.
Another important challenge is the small size of animal specimens that require high resolution and sensitivity in smaller fields of view and also take into account the physiological motions of the animals.
Tissue collection, preservation, and processing of specimens likewise require standardization.
