Differences in specimens and methods may explain the discordant typing results among HFMD onychomadesis studies, especially in the use of viral culture (28, 29 ) or different sets of RT-PCR primers (30, 31 ).
Principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied, and confirmed that all tumours group together and separate from normal samples, independent of the tissue specimen and method used for RNA extraction.
The scale of smoothing (on depth or time), the number of specimens/strata used for the averaging or smoothing of each value (N specimens), and the method of averaging or smoothing are reported (for directions: Dir. Smoothing Type ID; for relative paleointensity: RPI Smoothing Type ID).
The fatigue S-N curve for Type I, II and III clad specimens were compared to the S-N curve for the substrate specimens to show the reduction in fatigue strength for as-clad Type I specimens, and machining methods to improve fatigue strength for Type II and Type III specimens.
Details concerning the measurements, biological specimens and analytical methods have been published elsewhere.
The main characteristics of these populations, type of respiratory specimens, and screening methods are shown in the Table.
Conventionally, the bonding strength of bone cement is obtained by mechanical tests that tend to produce a large variability between specimens and test methods.
The standards of material collected for G10K and other projects will vary according to the exigencies of collecting specimens, including ease and method of capture, availability of specimens, feasibility, tissue type, and target quantity and quality.
Here we discuss approaches for assessment of endocrine function in the context of neuroimaging, including methods of blood and saliva specimen collection, and methods for drug/hormone administration.
DNA for 62 individuals representing 37 of ∼43 recognized species of Plestiodon and 25 outgroups was isolated from tissue using Qiagen DNeasy™ columns (see [34] for detailed specimen information and methods).
