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Procurement of specimens and analyses were performed under valid protocols approved by the institutional review board of both institutions.
The reason we chose to emphasise prognostic marker studies is that they represent a large proportion of the tumour marker literature and tend to be particularly fraught with problems because they are often conducted on retrospective collections of specimens, and analyses may contain substantial exploratory components.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from the HPV-positive specimens and analysed by standard PCR to confirm the findings based on in situ PCR and to type the HPV by sequencing.
Here, we further characterized the clonal composition and evolution of the AML based on the genetic information from the bulk specimen and analyses of individual bone marrow cells for mutations in CAND1, PTPRT, and DOCK6.
The results are based on microstructural analyses of the laser-surfaced specimens and on analyses of the micro-hardness performed after surfacing and after post-weld heat treatment and are supported by analysis of residual stresses.
MR, CFZ, and WGJ gathered data, illustrated specimens, and performed analyses.
The diagnosis of BCMs, especially virus-induced congenital malformations (VICMs), may be achieved by submitting appropriate materials to diagnostic laboratories, although this is rarely done systematically due mainly to the costs of shipment of specimens and laboratory analyses.
Additional variables contributing to the difference in resistance may include the population studied, the study period, or the kits used for specimen processing and analyses [ 35].
The specimens and sequences analysed in the present study are summarised in Additional file 1.
We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with gastric cancer, collected the clinicopathologic data and the specimens, and retrospectively analysed the samples in detail for markers correlating with survival and their role in refining gastric cancer prognostic stratification (Wang et al, 2013).
SC designed the study, collected specimens, produced and analysed data, and wrote the manuscript.
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