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If no single specimen yields a full sequence, the genome might be recovered by combining DNA from several individuals.
Significantly, the best-preserved material in the fossil specimen yields a U-series age of 165 ± 8 ka, recording a paleo sea-level of −35 ± 7 msl during the MIS 6.5 interstadial on Barbados.
The converse applies when the first specimen yields a negative result.
Thus if the first specimen yields a positive result, i.e. if the specimen exceeds the threshold for the test, then it is likely that the following specimen will also exceed this threshold and be positive.
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Culture-confirmed influenza (primary endpoint) was defined as an episode of influenza like illness (ILI) occurring after the administration of the study vaccine for which a nasal and throat swab specimen yields influenza virus A and/or B in cell culture.
All patients, from whom a clinical specimen yielded a KP or EC isolate resistant to Colistin (VITEK2 COMPACT,bioMerieux, Hazelwood, MO).
If a specimen yielded a positive H5 band, the specimens were confirmed by different RT-PCR primers and by real-time RT-PCR (12 ).
The other positive specimen, termed PML/2011, was from an adult female Neoromicia cf. zuluensis bat sampled in 2011; the specimen yielded a novel betacoronavirus (GenBank accession no. KC869678).
A broncho-alveolar lavage specimen yielded a mixed culture of multidrug-resistant M. bolletii and Klebsiella pneumoniae despite negative results of direct examination.
A fine-needle aspiration specimen yielded a gram-negative rod on fungal media (IMA agar) after 15 days of incubation; 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed that the isolate was G. bethesdensis.
Attempted PCR amplification of a 630-nt portion of the rickettsial ompA gene (nt 70 to 701) (4) from the early serum specimen yielded a product of the expected size.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com