For those specimens with double bolt line layout, the capacities are underestimated by all the considered standards.
The powdered samples were mounted on standard specimen stubs with double adhesive carbon tape.
A total of 45 tensile coupon specimens with double-lap bolted/bonded joints and six large-scale flexural beam specimens with/without butt joints in the mid-span section were conducted.
Before testing, the samples were mounted onto the specimen stubs with double-sided tape and then coated with a thin layer of gold to make the sample conductive.
Synthesized AgNPs were mounted on specimen stubs with double-sided adhesive tape coated with platinum in a sputter coater and examined under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) JSM-67000, Japan Japan).
This specimen was strengthened with double layers of U-jacket CFRP sheet.
Two specimens of BGCSWs with double cells and triple cells are tested under pure torsion using a new apparatus.
The program included seven control columns containing single spirals and fourteen columns constructed using the cross-spiral confinement technique – seven with spacings equal to the control specimens and seven with double the spacing.
A total of eleven SHS T-joints with different brace to chord width ratio was tested, in which four specimens were reinforced with collar plate, four specimens were reinforced with doubler plate and three specimens were unreinforced for comparison.
Specimens with a double-lap configuration and six bolts have been fatigue loaded at the load ratios R=−0.2 and R=−5.
