This has translated into early 'proof of principle' tests involving deep sequencing technology for mutations in specific genes associated with in-situ or low volume disease in tumour DNA isolated from such specimens or more traditional blood samples.
For MDR-TB cases, all guidelines [ 1, 8, 18, 12, 25, 30, 31] are in agreement that the treatment should be based on the drug susceptibility pattern of the M. tuberculosis isolated from child specimens or, more frequently, from the source case specimens.
On histopathology of surgical specimen, 50 or more IgG4 plasma cells per high-power field and an IgG4/IgG plasma cell ratio greater than 40%% are highly suggestive of IgG4-related sclerosing disease [14].
These results indicate that mercuric chloride continues to sublimate off herbarium specimens 50 or more years after their last treatment.
An impressive finding was the multitude and variety of pathogens in the faecal samples: in 78% of the travellers' specimens two or more bacterial pathogens were identified, four of them with up to four pathogens.
Polymicrobial bloodstream infections may be defined as multiple organisms isolated during an infectious episode including those from a single blood specimen [ 1] or more restrictively as isolation of more than one organism from a single blood specimen only [ 11, 12, 17].
Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears of respiratory specimens (at least two or more specimens) are important for the prompt diagnosis of PTB, but AFB smears have poor sensitivity (30 70%) despite high specificity (98 99%).
When a specimen contained five or more HPV types in the initial assay, it was rare to identify all of the HPV types in the repeat assay.
For the specimen with two or more vertical type cracks, smaller displacement appears to longitudinal direction and larger displacement to radial direction as the number of crack increases.
