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In a typical scenario, a specimen of unknown species affinity is encountered, the DNA barcode of the query is sequenced and then compared with a reference library of DNA barcodes [ 3] to establish a species match for the query.
Recently, a new Aotus species, A. jorgehernandezi, has been described based on karyotypic data of a female specimen of unknown provenance [ 15, 52] with the same diploid number as the Aotus trivirgatus karyotyped by us.
The uninfected specimen in this clade was from a dried specimen of unknown age purchased from a dealer who could not provide the collection date, and may also have been infected, but the Wolbachia DNA was too degraded to be amplified in the PCR test employed here.
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Another potential complication is that most laboratory lines of Mangrove Killifish were derived from field-caught specimens of unknown genotype and heterozygosity.
This could be useful for child or adolescent cranial specimens of unknown affinity found at archaeological sites.
This approach also provides the additional benefit of potentially identifying specimens of unknown origins, or of elucidating species identity by examining specimen positions on phylogenetic trees.
Both diploids and triploids were observed in all major clades, with the exception of clade V, which was composed only of specimens of unknown ploidy.
Concurrent with our P. carbekii assembly efforts, an unpublished H. halys symbiont genome from H. halys specimens of unknown origin was released in GenBank in October 2013 (GenBank: NC_022547) by researchers in the Nihon University, School of Pharmacy in Japan (hereafter called P. carbekii JPN).
All the while our crack botanist, Myknee, with encyclopedic knowledge of the flora here, is describing plant communities across altitudes we traverse and collecting specimens of species unknown to him.
During a species inventory, several specimens of an unknown caprellid were recovered by Platvoet et al. from artificial structures in and around the Neeltje-Jans and the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier in Burghsluis, Zeeland.
Probabilistic sensitivity analyses with 10,000 repetitions were conducted to evaluate the false-positive rate among pregnant women assuming that the proportion of specimens from persons of unknown pregnancy status to be categorized as pregnant was binomially distributed [15].
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