He worked on one particular species, Stegosaurus mjosi, of which five specimens have recently been unearthed in Montana to join the half dozen previously known.
Specific details of these insect specimens have recently been reported [55].
Human PM specimens have recently been used to confirm DWI tractography [ 12], and several animal studies have suggested an effect of PM interval on DWI changes in the brain [ 13– 17].
The development of direct detectors and more stable microscopes, combined with new data processing algorithms and improved specimen preparations, has recently resulted in determination at atomic resolution of several protein structures, including a eukaryotic ion channel, by electron microscopy (EM), using approaches not reliant on symmetry or 2D crystallisation [21,22,23].
The development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies (33, 34) allows large-scale, genome-wide sequencing of random pieces of DNA extracted from ancient specimens (35 37) and has recently made it feasible to sequence genomes from late Pleistocene species (38).
Although the methodology of sampling, processing, and examining MSGBs has been standardized [ 10, 11], the reproducibility of the routine histopathological evaluation in the diagnosis of SS at different section levels within the same biopsy specimen has been recently challenged [ 12, 13].
However, excellent specimen adequacy of NP flocked swabs has recently been reported [ 43].
The commercial gene expression classifier Afirma, which compares mRNA from the FNA specimen to 167 gene expression fingerprints, has recently been validated for FLUS/AUS and SFN, with negative predictive value (NPV) of 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 38%, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 53%.
Although panels of XMRV positive human specimens were not available this assay has recently been validated in a blinded fashion using goat polyclonal anti-MuLV gp70 antisera and corresponding goat control sera [17].
Based on a large body of observations in experimental animals and human pathological specimens, a definition of reactive astrogliosis has recently been proposed includes several grades of severity of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation that may be encountered in experimental and clinical histopathological examinations (Sofroniew, 2009; Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010).
