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The pre-Northridge (PN) type connection specimen designed with a low degree of composite action (15% fully composite) exhibited a significant upward shift of the neutral axis under a positive (sagging) moment, thus experiencing larger strains in the bottom flange, and showed a poor seismic performance because of the bottom flange fracture at 3% story drift.
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It is found that the specimens designed with bent reinforcing bars exhibit satisfactory performance, and possess a higher level of hogging moment resistance compared to those with straight reinforcing bars.
A specimen designed based on Indian Standard specifications with consideration of seismic load but without adopting ductile detailing (NonDuctile) was investigated under reverse cyclic loading.
A special tensile specimen design with a hump was employed for these tests.
Three strengthened with GFRP specimens, one flexural reference specimen designed in accordance to Regulation on Buildings Constructed in Disaster Areas rules, and one shear reinforcement insufficient reference specimen was tested.
To evaluate the pure-shear strength of laser welds fabricated using the same welding condition with a two-layered lap joint, a testing fixture and a specimen were designed with the aid of information from finite element analysis results.
One flexural reference specimen designed according to the disaster regulation (Regulation on Buildings Constructed in Disaster Areas 2007), 1 shear deficient reference specimen with insufficient shear reinforcement, and 3 strengthened specimens with GFRP were designed.
The equivalent shear regions on the right and left-hand sides of the beam specimens are designed with one stirrup spacing (300 mm) except for two specimens, 6W70 and 6H70, with) two stirrup spacings of 200 and 300 mm.
The specimens are designed with a cylindrical part in the highly stressed centre.
The wall specimens were designed with characteristic wall detailing obtained from data of five damaged buildings.
The wall specimens were designed with the same thickness but various lengths and amounts of torsional reinforcement.
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