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The refractive index (n) that is the ratio of the velocity of the light in vacuum to that of the specimen calculated by: n = frac{{1 + R^{1/2} }}{{1 - R^{1/2} }}.
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MRS occurrence in clinical specimens and in kennel specimens were calculated by dividing the number of MRS positive specimens by the total number of investigated specimens by group (n/N, %).
The total amount of antibiotic eluted from each specimen was calculated by summing up data from all time points.
Then, a combined score (0 9) for each specimen was calculated by multiplying the values of these two categories [ 36].
The virus titres expressed as the TCID50 of each specimen were calculated by the Reed Muench method.
Subsequently, the percentage of bone (bone area %) in the porous area of the specimen was calculated by bone area/porous area.
The overall observed survival rates of 912 patients with an invasive rectal adenocarcinoma, diagnosed by biopsy or polypectomy or surgical specimen and calculated by the actuarial method (life-table) with a 95%% confidence interval (c.i).
By measuring basal (no antibody) and maximally stimulated (4,600 pg/mL LPS) responses in the same blood sample, the EA of the test specimen is calculated by integrating chemiluminescence over time.
The LPS/anti-LPS complex primes the patient's neutrophils for an augmented response to stimulation with zymosan; by measuring basal (no antibody) and maximally stimulated (2,000 pg/ml LPS) responses in the same blood sample, the endotoxin activity of the test specimen is calculated by integrating chemiluminescence over time.
For this comparison, the intensity of SLI is obtained by normalizing the defocused 2D OTF and the total fluorescence intensity of TPLSM generated at a given z-plane for a uniform specimen is calculated by integrating the two photon intensity in each z section [ 30].
Shell heights of gaped specimens were calculated by regressing shell height on pedicle valve length for closed specimens from the same site.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com