The size of specimens and method of DNA tissue extraction may account for the differences in the rate of detection.
Differences in specimens and methods may explain the discordant typing results among HFMD onychomadesis studies, especially in the use of viral culture (28, 29 ) or different sets of RT-PCR primers (30, 31 ).
Here we discuss approaches for assessment of endocrine function in the context of neuroimaging, including methods of blood and saliva specimen collection, and methods for drug/hormone administration.
DNA for 62 individuals representing 37 of ∼43 recognized species of Plestiodon and 25 outgroups was isolated from tissue using Qiagen DNeasy™ columns (see [34] for detailed specimen information and methods).
The standards of material collected for G10K and other projects will vary according to the exigencies of collecting specimens, including ease and method of capture, availability of specimens, feasibility, tissue type, and target quantity and quality.
The scale of smoothing (on depth or time), the number of specimens/strata used for the averaging or smoothing of each value (N specimens), and the method of averaging or smoothing are reported (for directions: Dir. Smoothing Type ID; for relative paleointensity: RPI Smoothing Type ID).
Hamilton's principle for the piezoelectric material is applied to obtain the non-linear equation of motion of the piezoceramic rectangular parallelepiped specimen, and the Ritz method is used to discretize it.
Results stratified by geographical areas of the study origin, publication years, types of specimen and HPV detection method were presented in Table 2.
The fatigue S-N curve for Type I, II and III clad specimens were compared to the S-N curve for the substrate specimens to show the reduction in fatigue strength for as-clad Type I specimens, and machining methods to improve fatigue strength for Type II and Type III specimens.
Details concerning the measurements, biological specimens and analytical methods have been published elsewhere.
