The direction on the syllabus content published by the department last year, and which exam boards must follow, specified: "Students should study a range of high-quality, intellectually challenging, and substantial whole texts in detail.
Learning theories specify students and instructors roles in the learning process (Jonassen et al., 1995).
After all, if the professor teaching "Introduction to Congress" (the course on which the cheating occured) had been comfortable judging students by their shared work, he might not have needed to specify, "Students may not discuss the exam with others".
All of these studies were conducted in the US and either not included students of all study disciplines [ 22, 23] or did not specify students' study backgrounds [ 24, 25].
Within the multilevel regression analyses for each country, we specified the student level as level 1 and the school level as level 2. Since PISA 2003 applied a random sampling procedure at the student and the school level, we decided to control for the clustering of data at these two levels (OECD [2005]).
If nothing is specified, "then students should prioritise those subjects they enjoy and will do well in".
In addition to the curricular offerings specified below, students may arrange special reading courses with individual faculty members (see Reading Courses in the chapter Other Curricular Considerations).
In addition to the courses specified above, students must complete two graduate research courses for six course credits: (a) MCDB 585, a two-credit course taken in the second term of the junior year.
The assignment specified that students should take a safety margin.
During the clerkship, but not at a specified time, students were offered a 1 2-hour video case tutorial supervised by the faculty as part of the teaching and preparation for the final assessment.
