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Unless otherwise specified, cultures were grown at 25°C.
A specified amount of culture medium was kept in the same condition as a negative control.
If not specified otherwise, the cell culture medium was changed every 2 days and primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes were used for experiments at days 7 and 10 after seeding, respectively.
Prior to preparation of single-cell suspension, hESC were pre-differentiated when specified by replacing the normal culture medium with differentiation medium (DM – consisting of DMEM, 20% FCS, 1% NEAA, 1% beta-mercaptoethanol, 1% L-glutamine, 0.5% Pen/Strep) for the specified time period (generally 48 or 72 hours) prior to harvest.
To induce the expression of MSX2, doxycycline (DOX) at a final concentration of 0.05 μg ml−1 (or as specified) was added to the culture medium.
The culture medium may change as specified in each cultural condition, together with other important growth factors, such as initial pH level, culture temperature and so on.
All experiments were performed using culture medium unless otherwise specified.
VAN was obtained from Normon (Madrid, Spain) and dissolved in cell culture medium at the specified concentrations.
Twenty-four hours after seeding, cucurbitacin B was added to the fresh culture medium to a various specified final concentration.
Fresh serum-free culture medium containing cetuximab at the specified concentrations was added to each well and the cells were incubated for an additional 24 hours.
The cell culture medium was harvested at the specified times.
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