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The optimum sampling design can be defined in two ways: 1. minimizing cost for a specified level of precision, or 2. minimizing variance for a specified cost.
In this paper, methods of deducing the minimum value and the Cauchy Schwarz inequality were applied to deduce the formulae for the optimum sample sizes for two-stage, two-stage cluster and three-stage sampling, so as to minimize the cost for specified values of the sampling errors and to minimize the sampling errors for specified cost.
minimizing variance for a specified cost.
The method then iteratively updates the location of the control points of the B-spline based on the specified cost function.
In all areas of participation, the EU EC partnership (coordinated by the European Fusion Development Agreement) aims toward advancing the technology, while staying within a specified cost envelope.
It is also shown that this robust controller can achieve optimality under a specified cost function, which serves as the basic idea of the robust optimal control design.
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Unfortunately, the US-based study by Weycker et al. [ 86] only specified cost-offsets due to prevented illnesses but did not incorporate vaccination costs.
However, in our literature review, the only Markov model that specified costs and outcomes in relation to duration on ART was Cleary et al [ 6, 22].
A few studies take on the more challenging task of determining the optimally cost-efficient strategy at a certain budget, on the basis of specified costs for collecting data at different stages, and specified sizes of the corresponding variance components.
Total costs for specialist care for IBS were calculated and the specified costs for the following three diagnostic groups: chronic disorders, all other functional disorders and all other disorders, were calculated both for primary and in secondary care.
He did not specify cost-cutting measures or the amount of investment.
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