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For every voxel in every volume, add/subtract/multiply/divide the specified constant value with the voxel.
We wish to design state feedback controllers which ensure that the system output asymptotically tracks a specified constant reference signal and all states are bounded.
We wish to design state feedback and observer-based output feedback controllers which ensure that the system output asymptotically tracks a specified constant reference signal and all states are bounded.
The solution is obtained under the condition that activation time ratio between the system without actuator failure and the system with actuator failures is not less than a specified constant.
For ℒ2 gain, also by using a piecewise Lyapunov function, we show that if the unavailability rate of the controller is smaller than a specified constant, then the system with an ATBCF achieves a reasonable weighted ℒ2 gain level, and the weighted ℒ2 gain approaches normal ℒ2 gain when the ATBCF is sufficiently large.
This chapter discusses a simple and straightforward procedure to evaluate the dynamic behavior of floor systems under normal occupant walking activities, based on a design criterion that the fundamental frequency of the floor system be greater than a specified constant limiting value.
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However, current codes and standards (such as Eurocode and a recent publication of NFPA 557) that are used to estimate fire load density do not account for these variables and specify constant values.
The SCC may specify constant, multi-year ABCs, derived from the average of ABCs (or average risk of overfishing) if the average probability of overfishing remains between zero and 40percentt, and does not exceed a 50-percent probability in any given year.
This works the same as before but new parameters have been added to allow you to specify constant values for predictor variables that do not vary spatially and therefore do not have rasters representing them.
In this study, the effect of groundwater recharge (8 × 10−9 m/sec) was simulated by specifying constant pressure head conditions at the top and bottom boundaries of the model to induce a hydraulic gradient.
Similarly, the effect of regional groundwater flow was simulated by specifying constant head boundaries of 50 m height between the left and right sides of the model (Fig. 1b).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com