It is likely that this bundling or specificity of skills sets along with other measures used by the employer to establish a bond with their apprentice helps to explain why many employers in England continue to incur significant net costs of training despite the country having little labour market regulation in comparison to other countries.
The ideas in the paper would also be helped by reference to older ideas of "task and practice specificity" of motor skills (Henry, 1959) – which suggest poor generalization of motor skills.
The results provide evidence of context specificity of communication skills, as well as convergent and criterion-related validity of communication skills.
This research was conducted to adduce evidence for content and context specificity of communication skills and to assess the usefulness of a generic instrument for assessing communication skills in International Medical Graduates (IMGs).
The model accounts for the specificity of S&E skills, where individuals with heterogeneous ability choose their type of education.
The results of the present study provide evidence of content and domain specificity of communication skills.
Evidence for the validity and domain specificity of communication skills in physicians is equivocal and requires further research.
Our foregoing results are in concordance with previous findings about the context and case specificity of communication skills [ 4, 6, 8, 10].
With regard to the sensitivity and specificity of motor skills, we would expect that 23%95%5% CI .11 .42) of the very preterm children with at risk scores on the DAP also have at risk motor scores on the M-ABC, while 83%95%5% CI .67 .92) of the very preterm children with normal scores on the DAP also would have normal motor scores on the M-ABC.
Firstly, in a country with high standardisation of VET, where high vocational specificity and transparency of skills allows employers to rely on credentials of occupation-specific skills (see Müller and Shavit [1998]: 6–7), one may argue that employers will not further base their hiring and wage-setting decisions on the young applicants' short and uninformative work histories.
Using both experiments and model simulations, the authors make the argument that there are indeed two learning mechanisms -- a learning mechanism for each task (which accounts for the specificity of learning of different skills) but a single learning mechanism for learning the environment (which accounts for generalization within a single environment).
