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The specificity of pheromones depends on the specificity of perception as well as production.
Whether the conversion of non-keto (3-hydroxy) to 3-keto bile salts contributes to ligand-receptor specificity of pheromones [ 139], lower toxicities, or both requires further investigation.
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Pre- or immediate adaptation of male moths to such sudden changes is critical for emergence of a population using novel pheromone blends, and it is unlikely that a great change in the specificity of pheromone receptors is caused by mutations at the same time as those in the pheromone biosynthesis pathway.
OBPs have also been shown to improve the specificity of pheromone-detecting neurons [ 18, 19], but see [ 20].
Recent studies of Ostrinia pheromones have focused on the diversity of sex pheromone desaturases and their role in the specificity of pheromone production.
Recent studies of Ostrinia pheromones have focused on the diversity of sex pheromone desaturases and their role in the specificity of pheromone production [ 2, 6, 10, 13, 24- 26].
At least in some studies, the specificity of pheromone receptors was improved by the presence of OBPs (i.e. a class of OBPs called pheromone binding proteins, PBPs) [ 38, 39].
At loci that contribute to reproductive isolation between the E and Z pheromone strains (e.g., genes involved in the specificity of pheromone production and response) we expect to find fixed differences between the E and Z strains.
If TAARs are not merely biogenic amine receptors but also have other functions, then the size and diversity of TAAR repertoires in different species could provide insight into the relative complexity and species specificity of pheromone-based behavior.
Up to this date desaturase-encoding genes have been investigated in a dozen ditrysian moths, depicting examples of elaborate evolution in which a minimal number of enzymes account for the chemical diversity and species-specificity of pheromone components found among different species [ 17- 32].
No significant β-gal production was detected in the media, which confirms the high specificity of the pheromone cCF10 against PrgX.
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