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Thus, we hypothesized that the C333 C367 interface could constitute a Shp2-specific binding site for organic biarsenicals, with C333 acting as the critical specificity element and C367 providing a second non-Shp2-specific cysteine residue that would be necessary for strong binding.
The cysteine-protection assays, taken together with the C333P-inhibition assays described above, suggest that FlAsH directly associates with C333/C367, that the association requires the presence of the Shp-specific and buried cysteine residue C333, and that C333 acts as the specificity element that affords the Shp2 catalytic domain its sensitivity to FlAsH.
The new sensors are based on a modular design, which includes a sensing element that exploits a sulfonamido-oxine (Sox) fluorophore for reporting phosphorylation, a recognition and specificity element based on reported docking domain motifs and a variable linker, which can be engineered to optimize the intermodule distance and relative orientation.
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Although these transport families encompass a wide range of functions, molecular architectures and mechanisms, there are common elements that must be incorporated within their structures, namely the translocation pathway, ligand specificity elements and regulatory sensors to control the rate of ligand flow across the membrane.
For DBDs, there is a strong clade-specific element in the correlation analysis, which, when analyzed in the light of the many structures of DNA bound DBDs, opens interesting possibilities for the understanding of hormone response elements specificity.
The function and specificity determining elements of many SH2 domain containing proteins, are still not well characterised.
While some ISs display high target specificity, other elements exhibit regional preferences that could reflect more global parameters such as local DNA structure [ 16].
Importantly, since CTCF binding information is encoded in high specificity cis elements, the intra-domain insulator dynamics we observe directly link local sequence evolution with chromosomal architectures.
Mutations introduced for the purpose of increasing the solubility of the expressed protein may alter specificity determining elements of the mutated protein domain.
It allows us to include into the system the populations of the invasive P. ridibundus coming from different origins, with their reproductive specificities, an element which was absent from previous models.
One way to achieve selectivity for the MAP kinases is to exploit docking grooves, or D-recruitment sites, located distal to the enzyme active site that provide a second specificity-determining element.
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