WHO has defined substandard drugs as "the genuine drug products which do not meet quality specifications set for them.
Substandard medicines are "genuine medicines produced by manufacturers authorized….which do not meet quality specifications set for them by national standards".
Counterfeit drugs fall under the general umbrella of substandard drugs - genuine products which do not meet the quality specifications set for them [ 10].
Substandard medicines (also called out of specification (OOS) products) are genuine medicines produced by manufacturers authorized by the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA) which do not meet quality specifications set for them by national standards.
In contrast, substandard medicines are genuine medicines produced by manufacturers authorized by the national medicine regulatory authority (MRA), which do not meet quality specifications set for them by national standards.
For the purpose of this study, a substandard product was set to mean either a substandard product as defined by the WHO: Substandard medicines (also called out of specification (OOS) products) are genuine medicines produced by manufacturers authorized by the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA) which do not meet quality specifications set for them by national standards.
In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined 'substandard' drugs (also called 'out of specification products') as 'genuine medicines produced by manufacturers authorized by the NMRA [national medicines regulatory authority] which do not meet quality specifications set for them by national standards' 6.
Although the specifications set for developing our framework were formally based on a framework developed by the UK government, we feel that they are similar enough to the requirements of other national health research funders as to render the framework relevant to such funders.
A job specification was set for physiotherapists working alongside the senior physiotherapists on the project, who were clinical specialists, extended scope practitioners, and some lower grade staff, depending on the nature of clinical input being provided.
There are three types of service requests in general: general service information request for retrieving service specification, setting and status information; service utilization data request for acquiring service resource monitor data; and service manipulation request which makes certain changes to the services.
