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Exact(5)
The project was responsible for changing a regulation at the National Science Foundation to include the specification of outcomes and benefits for NSF funded projects following their completion.
It should be noted, however, that specification of outcomes in a protocol may not be sufficient to eliminate the problem of selective result reporting.
For the included papers, a first reviewer reported on study aims, population, fatigue protocol, how fatigue was measured, and specification of outcomes and on findings.
Specification of outcomes in the question that each example addressed resulted in some confusion regarding the relative importance of each outcome and the overall quality of evidence across outcomes.
But in our view the major criticisms voiced by Professor Rosén concerning the specification of outcomes, statistical power of individual studies and variable follow up of trial participants are not the key issues.
Similar(55)
Discrepancies between the specification of outcome measures in protocols and reviews have been described previously but, to our knowledge, this is the first study that has sought the reasons for such discrepancies.
We would recommend that, rather than take the approach we took here, future evaluations are built into the commissioning process so that there is a clear specification of anticipated outcomes that will allow appropriate outcome data in the target areas (and appropriate control groups) to be gathered.
A cost benefit analysis along with the specification of system outcomes helps in recognizing the successes and failures in terms of post-implementation operational performance measures.
Specification of hypotheses/predicted outcomes and expectations of the test, along with consideration of what data, how it will be collected, and by whom, should be addressed as part of the plan stage.
Specification of primary outcomes should be done at the protocol stage.
In the past this question either was not addressed or was assumed to involve specification of developmental outcome without any contribution from interaction with contextual factors, such as might result from experience.
Related(20)
design of outcomes
limitation of outcomes
statement of outcomes
designation of outcomes
explanation of outcomes
precision of outcomes
identification of outcomes
specificity of outcomes
specification of objectives
determination of outcomes
indication of outcomes
qualities of outcomes
properties of outcomes
characteristics of outcomes
specification of domains
specification of works
specification of chemicals
specification of contrasts
specification of arohana
specification of computations
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